The Effects Of Stress On College Students And Cognitive...

Introduction Stress is a nonspecific response of the human organism to any demand make upon it. It can influence the way we perform on tests and homework and how we act at home or work. There are different types of stress that can occur in the body. Acute stress is the body’s response to imminent danger. This short-term stress usually occurs when we are told we will have a quiz or have to give a speech in class. Chronic stress is a prolonged physical or emotional stress. This can cause damage to the body if the stress lasts for too long. Optimal stress is intense enough to motivate and physically prepare us to perform well but not enough to cause harm to the body. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of stress on college students and their cognitive processing. If stress negatively affects cognitive thinking, then at least 80% of the students will score lower on quiz #2. Methods The instructor conducted these quizzes with 22 students in the classroom. The students were instructed to get out a blank sheet of paper and number it 1-12 for a quiz. For the first quiz, the instructor put on a PowerPoint with a series of questions that lasted for 5 seconds each. The students had to go on to the next question even if they did not answer the previous one. After the first quiz, the students were told to flip the paper over and write a story. This story could not include words with the letters e and a. The students were given a total of 5 minutes to completeShow MoreRelatedWhy Heavy Drinking Is So Prevalent Among College Students At Frat Parties1244 Words   |  5 PagesWhen students come to college, they believe they need to â€Å"drink to get drunk† at frat parties. This mentality arises from cognitive processes, perceptions, and motor activations that explain why heavy drinking is so prevalent among college students at frat parties. In Townshend Duka’s (2001) dot probe detection experiment, they studied the various expectations people may have concerning the outcome of consuming alcohol. They found that heavy drinkers expect to become more sexual and social whileRead MoreThesis Statement : Sleep Deprivation1414 Words   |  6 Pagesdeprivation is harmful to college students because it hinders student learning and jeopardizes their safety while driving. I. Learning a. Memory b. Lack of attention II. Safety a. Fatigue b. Decision making Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive and psychological well-being of a person. Learning, memory processing and maintenance of theRead MoreEssay about The mozart effect1002 Words   |  5 Pages The Mozart Effect Does classical music really help you study better? Many recent research studies show that music idoes in fact improve cognitive thinking. In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so-called Mozart Effect - that college students â€Å"who listened to ten minutes of Mozarts Sonata for Two Pianos in D major K448 before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher† than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies haveRead More Musics Effect on Intelligence Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMusics Effect on Intelligence Music is said to affect the intellect of humans in several different ways. Specifically, it is said to affect infants more than any other age group. Music can improve learning skills, test taking skills, concentration, heartbeat, and relaxation. Music has been proven to offer several benefits for infants, young children, young adults, as well as for adults. With all of this in mind, how can one connect music with intellect? Many recent research studies focusRead MorePositive and Negative Psychological Effects of Television Viewing651 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Effects of Television Viewing The use of electronic devices such as television, computers, tablets, cell phones, and video games has become the main feature of recreational activity for the youth. And considering the heavy use of such devices by children and adolescents these days, it is worth exploring psychological effects of such devices. It is beyond the scope of this paper to look at the effects of all these devices, so the subject of this inquiry is only the effects of TV viewingRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance3327 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditoryRead MoreDoes Giving Praise Help Students Improve Performance On An Academic Quiz? Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Giving Praise to Students Improve Performance on an Academic Quiz? Can creating a positive mood in a group of college research participants induce higher scores on a fifth-grade level math and English academic assessment? Positive mood has been credited to modification of cognitive function depending on the task (Van der Stigchel, Imants, Ridderinkhof, 2011). It is common knowledge that receiving and giving compliments, to and from others, especially those relating to appearance and personalityRead MoreThe Emergence Of Emerging Adulthood1563 Words   |  7 PagesErikson emphasized, a secure identity fosters attainment of intimacy. Commitment to personally meaningful values and goals prepares young adults for interpersonal commitments, which increase as early adulthood progresses. Among large samples of college students, identity achievement was positively correlated with fidelity (loyalty in relationships) and love, for both men and women. In contrast, identity moratorium-- a state of searching prior to commitment-- was negatively associated with fidelity andRead MoreAging : More Than Their Stereotypes Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesAging: More Than Their Stereotypes As people continue to live life and grow older, it is inevitable that they will age. Aging has many effects on an individual’s physical health, emotional well-being, and cognition. Key developmental changes occur in vision and hearing; both begin declining as people age (Weiten, 2014). The deterioration of these senses can be seen in Young@Heart during the scene where a few members are joking around in a car. The driver was Lenny, an ex-World War II pilot, becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Anxiety And Depressed Patients Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF MUSIC TO ANXIETY AND DEPRESSED PATIENTS OGABA ANITA BAIYERE PRECIOUS MODUPE AJISAFE (not involved yet) IZE ANUMA ABSTRACT The goal of the study is to examine the effects of music to anxiety and depressed patients. Music has been a therapeutic treatment used for a long time. Percentages of people who are aware and use this complementary medicine are on a low range. Depression is a state of measuring low mood and apathy (especially to his day to day activities). Anxiety is an

Essay on Police Brutality Violates Human Rights - 762 Words

Over the years United States has witnessed a substantial increase in police brutality, it is one of the most common and serious violation of the human rights and it happens more often than we care to know in our communities, ranging from verbal to physical abuse in which usually an innocent person results injured as police officers lay their called justice upon the alleged criminals. Police officers are faced with a wide variety of threatening situations on the job every day, they go through an intensive training at the academy to prepare them for the safety keeping job they have. The use of force may or may not be a significant predicament but it should be viewed by the community as well as the police. Often police officers find†¦show more content†¦Many factors can contribute to this problem the police force is having with police officers abuse of power, one of them being the psychological health of police officers where they aren’t fit to serve and protect the peop le they sworn to protect. After the shooting of an unarmed woman at Capitol Hill, The National Allegiance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and the Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) started what is to be the most Comprehensive Police Officer mental health program in the country, this 40 hours crisis intervention program is available in 45 states as well as the district of Columbia, excluded are the state of Delaware, West Virginia, Alabama, Arkansas and Rhode Island. Needless to say a few departments are working hard to improve the quality and integrity of their officers to eliminate the raising percentage of officers committing abuse to those who they sworn to protect. Police officers are often viewed as oppressors and unjust by the community, when in reality they are just doing their jobs. The job of a police officer is to apprehend criminals and detect crime, and the maintenance of public order and to the extend and complication of this duty police officers often need to make split second decision that is not often view by the public as what we call â€Å"self-defense† which is a right we all have as human beings and stated in the Universal Declaration ofShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1610 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality in the USA Police brutality has adverse effects on society in its entirety and, hence, there is need to stop these acts so as to improve cohesiveness and the observation of the law in society. Police brutality is an old problem that has been around in this country for many years. 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Post Cold War Free Essays

Explain why the ending of the Cold War was not followed by a period of world peace and stability. ____________________________________________________________ ___________ The ending of the cold war did not leave any sign of hope for the world to live in peace and prosperity. Until this second, there are hundreds of men, women and children being killed, injured, raped and executed for various reasons, some which may be legit while others are war related objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Cold War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The world, not sure if this is the right word for it now, has gone and still is through some very tremendous events in the last 17 years or so, starting off with the gulf war which shocked the world in one night, Kosovo war, Al-Aqsa Intifada, war in Afghanistan, war on terror and Iraq, the list can go on and on, some which remain in the books of history and some which are still written about in history books today as that they are ongoing conflicts and example would be the war on terror. To make this whole concept I just talked about more clearly, I will try to explain the reasons to why the ending of the Cold War was not followed by a period of world peace and stability, by talking about the gulf war and how one night changed the lives and situations of many nations, mainly Israel and Palestine and how the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) played a major role in this war, leading to the Palestinian Intifada and the current events that are happening right now. The Gulf war was simply a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force from 35 nations authorized by the United Nations (UN) and led primarily by the United States in order to liberate Kuwait. [1] The Gulf War had two major impacts. First, the war was a catalyst for regional changes that started several years before the eruption of the crisis itself. The polarization of the Arab world was intensified by the invasion of an Arab state by another. Second, the war demonstrated which political terms existed in the Middle East at the time of the Iraqi invasion. On a rhetorical level, Saddam Hussein established a link between the Persian Gulf crisis and the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, thus demonstrating the destabilizing effect of the unresolved Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Iraqi leader compared the Iraqi invasion with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza and demanded Israeli withdrawal before even considering a pullback from Kuwait. [2] During the Gulf War, the Israeli public took a step to the right, legitimizing the sanctions the Likud-government posed on the Palestinians. The sanctions were a result of two circumstances: the failing of the Palestinians – especially the PLO and the moderate political leaders in the West Bank – to condemn the Iraqi invasion; and the images of Palestinians cheering the Iraqi Scuds raining down on Tel Aviv. [3] Israel closed the borders between ‘Israel-proper’ and the occupied territories, preventing Palestinian workers from attending their jobs in Israel. Despite an increase of nearly half a million in the Israeli population due to immigration from Russia between 1989 and 1991, the Israeli policy resulted in a reduction in the GDP and a deterioration of the economic situation activity (ibid. )[4]. For the Palestinians, an already difficult economic situation got worse. This resulted in a boomerang-effect for Israel, intensifying the level of conflict with the Palestinians With the outbreak of the intifada, the core of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict moved inside the occupied territories, and the Green-line was re-drawn. The broad mobilization of nearly all layers of the Palestinian society in the earliest stages of the uprising strengthened the national unity. This kind of communal uprising turned out to be more difficult for Israel to fight than the PLO-launched guerilla-attacks from Arab territory during the 1970’s (Hunter 1991). Despite the optimism[5], the standard of living continued to deteriorate because of the mass-arrests, arbitrary detention and curfews carried out by the Israeli security forces (IDF and the border police). While many would agree that the mentioned above can be directly linked to the events that are going right now in Palestine and that have went on for the last couple of years, many would disagree, but if you want to look at it from a historical angle, it has a lot to do with the Gulf War. The end of the Cold War is a main point of reference in this analysis. However, important changes affecting the political situation in the Middle East started years before the Berlin-Wall was torn down, and the Soviet Empire crumbled. Therefore one might ask if the ‘window of opportunity’ would have ‘opened’ if the Cold War had continued. Would the locally initiated structural changes by themselves created a momentum for peace? My answer is that the combined effects of changes at the extra-regional level (the end of the Cold War), the regional level (the Gulf War), and the local level (the intfada) in sum ‘opened’ the window and let groups in the Israeli and Palestinian leaderships willing and ready to negotiate peace inside. Ultimately, Israel was successful in containing the uprising. The Palestinians’ force was inferior in relation to the well equipped and trained Israeli Defense Forces. However, the Intifada pinpointed numerous problems with the IDF’s conduct in the operative and tactical fields, as well as the general problem of Israel’s prolonged control of the West Bank and Gaza strip. These problems were noticed and widely criticized, both in international forums (in particular, when humanitarian questions were at stake), but also in Israeli public opinion, in which the Intifada had caused a split. 6] Bibliography 1. Abadi, Jacob (1994): â€Å"The Gulf War and Its Implications for Israel†. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 17, No. 3 (55-78). 2. Freedman, Robert. The middle East after Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait, University Press of Florida, 1993 (213-215) 3. Walsh, Ben. Modern world history, John Murray, London, 2001 4. Choueiri, Youssef M. (1997): Islamic fundamentalism -rev. ed. London : Pinter 5. Kuper , Adam and Jessica Kuper (eds. ) (1996): The Social Science Encyclopedia (Second edition). London and New York: Routledge. 6. Keddie, Nikki R. (1992): â€Å"The end of the Cold War and the Middle East†. In Hogan (ed. ) The End of the Cold War. Its meaning and implications (151-161). 7. Clarke, Richard. Against all enemies: Inside America’s war on terror, Free Press, 2004 (62-64) 8. Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999, Knopf, 1999. p. 612 ———————– [1] The reported number of countries participating in the Coalition varies according to source. These variations may be in part be due to uncertainty over what level of participation constitutes being a Coalition member, and vagueness over the organization timeline of the Coalition. Examples of count variations include: an Arab anti-Gulf War essay – 31; CNN – 34; an Arab media site – 36; the Heritage Foundation (a US conservative think tank citing a 1991 Department of Defense report) – 38; US Institute of Medicine report on Gulf War Veterans’ Health – 39. The number of Coalition members has been reported to be as low as 19 at the beginning of the air campaign. 2] Freedman, Robert. The middle East after Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait, University Press of Florida, 1993 [3] Even the Peace Now-organization and well known peace-activists like Amoz Oz and Yael Dayan supported the sanctions the Likud-government posed on the Palestinians [4] Kuper, Adam and Jessica Kuper (eds. ) (1996): The Social Science Encyclopedia (Second edition). London and New York: Routledge. [5] Choueiri, Youssef M. (1997): Islamic fundamentalism -rev. ed. London : Pinter [6] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999, Knopf, 1999. p. 612 How to cite Post Cold War, Papers

African

African-Latin American Music Essay The frame xylophone, such as those played by the MANNED and Lobo of West Africa, the FANG of Cameroon, ND the Chopin of Macaque, has gourd resonators hung beneath each key. The loose-key xylophone, such as the Uganda madding of Uganda, is left unassembled when not in use; when played, the keys are laid across two banana stems. As widespread as the xylophone, and unique to African and African-derived cultures, is the umbra, which consists of flat iron strips mounted on a board or box with one end of each strip left free to be plucked by the thumbs or thumbs and forefingers. The simplest of the many stringed instruments found throughout Africa is the musical BOW, resonated with a gourd or with the mouth of the player. ZITHERS and African-Latin American Music By Johanna 7 hemispherical or rectangular body and two arms extending to a crossbar where the strings are attached, is played in Ethiopia and Uganda. In western Africa the most common stringed instrument is the skin-covered LUTE, either boat-shaped with two to five plucked strings or hemispherical with one bowed string. Three stringed instruments unique to Africa are the bridge harp (or harp lute), the harp zither, and the bow lute. The best-known form of the bridge harp is the 21- string Madding okra of western Africa. It is held facing the player, who plucks two lanes of strings mounted in notches on either side of a high bridge. The harp zither, best known as the Fang move of Cameroon, also has a notched bridge that is mounted in the center of its long tubular body. The bow lute, such as the Bambina Amanda, is plucked and has an individual curved neck for each string. The FLUTES of Africa are of every type except the RECORDER. In eastern, central, and southern Africa, groups of musicians play sets of single-note vertical pipes, each person contributing a single note to create a complex polyphonic texture. Panpipes are also played in this area. Of the various reed instruments of Africa, the most table is the Hausa Algeria of Nigeria, a short conical-bore double reed. African TRUMPETS include the kaki, a straight herald trumpet of tin associated with Hausa aristocracy, but the most typical African trumpets are made of natural animal horns, ivory, or hollowed wood and are played in sets in the same manner as the single-note vertical pipes. MUSICIANS Music is closely integrated into everyday activities in Africa. Vocal music, instrumental music, and dance are often inseparable, and the emphasis is on participation rather than on performance before an audience. Even in traditions where professionalism r virtuosity does result in a distinction between performer and audience, the audience often dances to show its appreciation. The role and status of a musician in Africa vary widely and are determined in part by the social and political structure of the community. In egalitarian societies that are organized into small political units and that are composed of individuals generally involved in the same activities such as hunting, herding, or farming, a musician has no special status. Still, particularly talented instrumentalists or persons who are adept at leading vocal ensembles will become known for their abilities and will be allied upon to perform at all musical occasions. In those societies in which a high degree of political organization exists, in which royal courts once flourished, and in which craft specialization has developed, the role of the musician is more clearly defined and distinct. For example, in the West African the 10th to 20th centuries, and musicianship and such related skills as oratory, historical narrative, genealogy, and stylized praise developed into a hereditary profession. * African Vocal Music African vocal music is wide ranging in its style and use of conventions but generally, African languages are tone languages. This means that the way the words are said can be related to pitches (high or low). Therefore the melodies and rhythms of a song often come directly from the way they talk, as the pitches match the meaning of the words. Another important phrase (other than tone language) is statistician which is the traditional vocal music of the Zulus in South Africa Another word that you need to learn is These are effects made by the voice that sound like eh, ah, Oh * African Musical Instrument Performing music and making African musical instruments is an integral part of most immunities and it varies not only from country to country but from village to village. Asana umbra, Congo There are common features though and much like the other forms of African art, most traditional African music is more than Just aesthetic expression. It permeates African life and has a function, a role to play in society; songs are used for religious ceremonies and rituals, to teach and give guidance, to tell stories, to mark the stages of life and death and to provide political guidance or express discontent. It also serves to entertain and is used in ceremonial festivals and masquerades to work up revere from the spectators and participants alike. Singing, dancing and playing African musical instruments ensure a dynamic event transpires. Fulfill flute The impact of the music is tantamount, the beauty of it, Just like African sculpture, is secondary to the primary function. Performances may be long and often involve the participation of the audience. Much of it is associated with a particular dance. There are some African musical instruments that cross boundaries and are found in varying shapes in the different countries but still have the same basic form. Some instruments have changed very little in 800 years since they were first recorded. Africans have strong beliefs about the status associated with particular instruments and with the spirit of an instrument. The carver of the instrument, especially true with drums, is held in high regard. Anthropomorphic harp The following are some of the African musical instruments used throughout the continent, primarily Sub-Sahara Embarrassments (Drums): cylindrical, semi-cylindrical, barrel, hourglass, pressure, goblet, kettle, clay-pot December, West Africa harps (okras), musical bows, fiddles, lyres, zithers, lutes Earphones (Wind instruments): flutes: bamboo, millet, reed, animal horn tips, gourds trumpets: wood, gourd, metal tubes pipes; single, double reed, panpipes horns: tusks and animal horns 0 Dopiness (Resonant solids): umbra, xylophone and lampooned rattles and shakers: gourds, woven, wooden, stick bells: ankle, cluster, double, single, pod, tubular, clappers 0 Percussion: rainstorms, Woodstock, slapstick bells, rattles, slit gongs, struck gourds and calypsos, stamping tubes body: foot stamping and hand clapping African musical instruments also serve as works of art, carved into surprising shapes, overfed with patterns and decorated with beads, feathers, paint or cloth. Figures are sculpted into the instrument as spiritual tokens empowering the musician to filter the godly or ancestral messages. Smartphone Security EssayIn trying to apply the framework of the above studies to my own reception analysis study, I have found that concerns such as sexism, ageism, and standard of beauty all figure in deeply with my respondents. My project consists of working womens perceptions of the way women are portrayed on the TV show Ally McBeal. All of the respondents mentioned something about the sexy, young, pretty, skinny stars of the show. According to these women, if you dont fall into all of the above categories, youre not a good person. Only people who fall into the above categories are presented on TV and film, and when people outside of the norm are presented, it is for comedy or sympathy. Hardly ever is there an old, fat woman as the heroine. There is some exception such as Cameron Manheim on The Practice, but by and large it is a models world. The standard of beauty today is a very scary thing. It is encouraging young girls to starve themselves, exercise themselves to death or t hrow-up after every meal. If you dont look like what society dictates youre headed straight for nowhere. I think sexism also figures deeply in the way women look at TV because all of the respondents pointed to the fact that women are regarded as sex objects on Ally McBeal. None of them enjoyed seeing the women portrayed this way, but they did say it seemed realistic. I think this alone tells us a lot about where our society is and the problems people face everyday. Adding this framework to the scope of my study could lead to some very interesting conclusions. In analyzing Bobo, and Innis and Feagins studies of how black people respond to their representations on television and in movies, we can see that there is a lot more ground to be covered in the areas of equality and political correctness when it comes to media. We can see, however that people are not just sitting blindly in front of the TV or movie screen accepting what they see as truth but are really thinking and analyzing the images presented to them. This shows that people can be good media consumers and can make choices about what is and is not good media. I dont think TV or movies will ever be a rainbow colored nation that represents us all but a lot more could be done to make it fairer. Hopefully one-day people will be able to get some satisfaction out of seeing representations of them on television and in film. Cinema and Television

Erik Erikson Essays - Human Development, Psychology, Mind

Erik Erikson Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to Danish parents. Erik studied art and a variety of languages during his school years, rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry. He did not prefer the atmosphere that formal schooling produced so instead of going to college he traveled around Europe, keeping a diary of his experiences. After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and enrolled in art school. After several years, Erickson began to teach art and other subjects to children of Americans who had come to Vienna for Freudian training. He was then admitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Bostons first child analyst and obtained a position at the Hayvard Medical School. Later on, he also held positions at institutions including Yale, Berkeley, and the Menninger Foundation. Erickson then returned to California to the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Palo Alto and later t he Mount Zion Hospital in San Francisco, where he was a clinician and psychiatric consultant. Ericksons interests were spread over a wide area. He studied combat crises in troubled American soldiers in World War II, child-rearing practices among the Sioux in South Dakota and the Yurok along the Pacific Coast, the play of disturbed and normal children, the conversations of troubled adolescent suffering identity crises, and social behavior in India. Erickson was also constantly concerned with the rapid social changes in America and wrote about issues such as the generation gap, racial tensions, juvenile delinquency, changing sexual roles, and the dangers of nuclear war. Erikson proposed that people grow through experiencing a series of crises. They must achieve trust, autonomy, initiative, competence, their own identity, productivity, integrity, and acceptance. Eriksons main contribution was to bridge the gap between the theories of psychoanalysis on the problems of human development, which emphasize private emotions, and the broader social influences that bear upon the individual. He was a strong proponent of the concept that social environment plays a major role in the development of personality. Going beyond the of a childs early life, Erikson concentrated on broader issues of peer culture, school environment, and cultural values and ideals. This led him to study the period of adolescence, in which he documented the interaction of a persons inner feelings and impulses with the world that surrounds the person. Erikson developed eight stages of human development. Briefly I would describe all eight my I will concentrate on stages five and six which are adolescence and young adulthood. Myer describes the stages in the following manner. Stage one occurs during the first year This stage is called infancy (trust vs. mistrust) during this stage if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. The second stage is called the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt). This stage occurs while the baby is two years old, in this stage toddlers learn to exercise will do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities. The third stage is called the preschooler between the ages of three and five (initiative vs. guilt). During this stage preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent. The fourth stage is called the elementary school stage (competence vs. inferiority) from the ages of six through puberty. During this stage children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior. In the fifth stage is the adolescence stage (identity vs. role confusion) this stage occurs during the ages of thirteen years into twenties. The sixth stage is called young adulthood (intimacy vs. isolation) during the ages of around 21 through 40 young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated. The seventh stage is called middle adulthood (generativity vs. stagnation) during the ages of 41 through about 60 the middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, such as through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. During late adulthood ages 60 and up, (integrity vs. despair) during this stage when reflecting on his or her life, the older adult

Indian removal assignment Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Indian removal assignment Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Yasmine Gist U.S History John Paris 28 November 2018 Indian Removal Jackson says that taking over the native land will help to provide resources for the natives. This is positive because the Natives will have access to resources they did not have before. Jackson also thought that taking over their land would help to civilize the native people. If the Natives where under his power, he believed the natives would advance. Jackson also believed that the Native Americans were falling apart so if they were placed under his rule then it would make them stronger and have a better bond. Jackson thinks the white race is superior because he thinks the Natives should join his race. Jackson saying that taking over their land will help them be more civilized is pro-white because he's basically saying that white people are more civilized people and that the natives are not and because of that we can fix them. Jackson also assumes that his race has more resources making his to assume whites have better advancements. I believe we should condemn these goals these goals as paternalistic arrogance. I believe that humans have a basic understanding of what is right and what is wrong. I don't think Jackson had good intentions. The natives were human beings that were treated awful and Jackson thought he was inferior. Jackson suggest a compromise between the Natives and the Americans. The compromise suggest that the Natives migrate past the Mississippi if they want to continue their Native culture. Jackson proposes this because then the Natives can have their own space but if they do choose to stay, they have to follow Jackson's laws. This is the most beneficial policy for Natives because Jackson is giving them a choice and they are not being forced. Both have a Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branch and also promise to a fair trial. These promises are both in the Cherokee Constitution and the U.S constitution. The Authors would not be happy with Jacksons civilizing goals. I believe they would have been insulted because in a lot of ways they have similarities and could have worked together, but instead Jackson in a way wanted to have control over them. "Chiefs, head-men and warriors! Will you then, by resistance, compel us to resort to arms? God forbid! Or will you, by flight, seek to hid yourselves in mountains and forests, and thus oblige us to hunt you down? Remember that, in pursuit, it may be impossible to avoid conflicts." I don't think it was necessary to to say to the Natives that they would get hunted down if they didn't obey. It Sounds like they would kill them. "The blood of the white man or the blood of the red man may be spilt, and, if spilt, however accidentally, it may be impossible for the discreet and humane among you, or among us, to prevent a general war and carnage. "This was also not necessary to threaten the Natives with a bloody war. One hardship the Natives endured was the cruel treatment they received from the soilders. Natives were whipped and arrested if they did not follow direct orders. Another hardship was the conditions the Natives had to travel. They did not have the resources to survive so a lot of Natives died. Both of these hardships could have been avoided if the Americans let them be and not force them to leave their homes. Since Americans were forcing the Natives out, they could of provided an adequate amount of resources but they didn't. "Murder is murder, and somebody must answer. Somebody must explain the streams of blood that flowed in the Indian country in the summer of 1838. Somebody must explain the 4000 silent graves that mark the trail of the Cherokees to their exile. I wish I could forget it all, but the picture of 645 wagons lumbering over the frozen ground with their cargo of suffering humanity still lingers in my memory." It is clear in this statement he regrets it because he says he wish he could forget it all and that murder is bad. "Truth is, the facts are being concealed from the young people of today. School children of today

Hume and the Problem of Induction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hume and the Problem of Induction - Essay Example It is possible that a piece of food will poison the individual even though it has never poisoned him or her in the past. Therefore, the individual has weaken his or her conclusion by claiming that probably the piece of food is not going to poison him or her. The statement is true concerning the statement of psychological conviction. The question that rings is, Is It rationally justifiable in any sense of objective? Therefore, it can be said that any form of inductive argument and reasoning is only reliable when the outcome or the conclusion from the statement is almost true most of the time. According to Hume, if at all there were any of such arguments it will be simple enumerative induction. Hume himself does not use the concept of induction. In any case, whatever has come to be called the problem of induction has come down to everyone. Hume problem of induction is into two different parts. The first part is the descriptive problem. In this part, it explains how human’s beings are able to form opinions out of fact matters that are unobserved. The second part is the normative section. The second part tries to answer the question of whether the beliefs that are in such ways are justified. Hume’s tries to answer questions of life on whether individuals who reason out just the same way people do, have the reason to believe on his or her conclusions, on the parts of nature he or she knows nothing about and has not observed (Sloman and Lagnado, pg. 95). The first claim of Hume is negative: a priori cannot be from any knowledge that is not observed. Rather the priori must be derived from the knowledge that has been gained through observation and experience. Imagine an individual who has never heard about snow leave alone seeing it. For the first, he or she is shown a snowball and asked to make a prediction even before he or she has touched it, whether it will be hot or cold.

Genetics assignment two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetics assignment two - Essay Example sive alleles of each of these genes (a,b,c and d) produce abnormal enzymes that cannot catalyze a reaction in the biosynthetic pathway for seed pigment. The pathway is shown below: 2. In the Australian Shepherd, Hereditary Cataracts is an autosomal dominant disorder that results in abnormal clouding of the lenses of the eye. In some Aussies, heterozygous for Hereditary Cataracts, the disease is not always expressed. Based on this information, answer the following questions: b. Several alleles are responsible for Hereditary Cataract formation. When present, some alleles result in very rapid cataract growth, whereas; other alleles result in very slow cataract growth. What terminology best describes the behavior of these various alleles? 3. In the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), a number of genes determine eye color. A fly with wild-type eyes (red) is crossed to fly with yellow eyes. All the F1 flies from this cross have wild-type eyes. When the F1 from the cross are interbred (selfed), 450 of the progeny have wild-type eyes, 150 have amethyst eyes (a bright sparkling blue color) and 200 have yellow eyes. 4. The Scots Dumpy, a type of chicken from Scotland, can exhibit short-leg length and normal-leg length phenotypes. A breeder crosses two normal-legged Scots Dumpy, and finds that all of the F1 are normal-legged. The breeder repeats the cross and observes the same result. However, when the same breeder crosses a normal-legged fowl with a short-legged fowl,  ½ of the offspring are short-legged and  ½ of the offspring are normal-legged. Finally, following a third cross between two short-legged Scots Dumpy fowl, the breeder observes the following results among 200 offspring counted: 5. Fruit flies homozygous for the recessive allele, sc-, have bright red eyes. Fruit flies homozygous for the recessive allele, br-, have brownish purple eyes. Fruit flies homozygous recessive for both alleles have white eyes. Fruit flies that possess the sc+ and

Survival and Positive Growth during an Economic Downturn Assignment

Survival and Positive Growth during an Economic Downturn - Assignment Example This study will evaluate and arrive at a consensus regarding each of the financial aspects to provide a plan that will help the organization survive during a depression or recession and lead to a positive growth. It is therefore aimed at providing inputs from the financial perspective of business during the economic downturn. The idea of providing inputs or making changes and venturing into new arenas in terms of cost efficiency and management are discussed as they are the need of the hour. The whole economic system functions on the money supply in the market, and this supply is facilitated by the various business enterprises that are the backbone of every economy. To begin with, let us get acquainted with the "Great Depression of the 1930's" and the current economic downturn. The Great Depression was the worldwide economic downturns that lead to widespread poverty and unemployment as businesses failed. Though the exact cause of the Great Depression is unknown, it began with the Stoc k market crash by the end of 1929. A normal change in the business cycle that becomes a short recession can lead to a depression. During the 'The great depression' the construction industry came to a stunning halt in many countries with prices of crops falling by almost 60%, leading to widespread unemployment, as these sectors have few alternative employment options. However, the economy started showing signs of recovery during early 1933 and the economy stabilized thereafter leaving potential room for the growth of the business. A report about recession where the Former US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan commented "the current global recession will "surely be the longest and deepest" since the 1930s and more government rescue funds are needed to stabilize the U.S. financial system."To stabilize the American banking system and restore normal lending, additional TARP funds will be required," Greenspan said in a speech to the Economic Club of New York. The U.S. Treasury's Trou bled Asset Relief Program designed to help bail out banks has been partially successful". The current recession too had the stock markets crashing with the heavy downturn in the construction industry segment. Greenspan further comments "a housing recovery is a necessary condition for the end of the financial crisis, and said that "the prospect of stable home prices remains many months in the future." The effect of this economic downturn is the huge cut down on spending by corporate houses leading to widespread unemployment. According to the Forbes Digital Company "Working capital management" means a "managerial accounting strategy focusing on maintaining efficient levels of both components of working capital, current assets and current liabilities, in respect to each other. Working capital management ensures a company has sufficient cash flow in order to meet its short-term debt obligations and operating expenses." It is only in the implementation of an effective working capital man agement can companies see the return on investment and better earnings.

Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath Analysis

Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath Analysis In Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath, there are many different poetic devices that are chose to portray the speakers tone. Throughout the poem, the speaker seems to be talking about death at a glance it seems like she is happy with the though of death. But if we dissect the literary elements that Plath uses we can see that death is far from a happy topic, it is disastrous to her. The speakers tone throughout the poem tells us how depressed she is about the entire idea of death. Plath uses diction, images, sounds and repetition to set up the foundation of the poem. The choice of words used throughout this poem helps portray the tone. The images that are described through the speakers experiences on death show her emotions about death. These events give a vivid description which helps us understand her attitude towards death. The repetition and sounds set a certain mood and stress on some important aspects of death. Through these literary methods it helps the reader get a better understandi ng of Plaths true feelings towards death. Also, there are words that describe actions taking place when death attempts occur. For example, annihilate (24), The peanut-crunching crowd / Shoves in to see (26-27), I rocked shut (39) and That knocks me out (56) shows negative action towards death. First of all, annihilate means to destroy, which gives a downbeat connotation towards the tone of the poem. Then, the crowd refers to the others and their discouragement in this womans life, which leads to disappointment and an unconstructive tone towards death in the poem. Then the last two examples describe the speakers feelings towards a hopeless end to life. This type of diction used to accentuate the tone of the poem further supports the pessimistic nature. Lastly, another use of diction in Plaths poem is words associated with death and therefore, internally affect the tone of the poem. First, in line fourteen they use the word vanish which means to go away and never come back. This word is directly related to what death means and in using this word suggests that there is death involved in this particular poem, and the attitude towards it is not positive. Also, with the use of words like this explain why there is a lot of animosity towards death and the activities that support it, Soon, soon the flesh / The grave cave. These connotations in this poem talk and discuss death in general. The key words in this example that show death is flesh and grave cave. Normally, people do not talk about flesh unless they are discussing the skin of a dead person. Then, in the next line choosing the words grave cave shows again the horrible connotation towards death because that describes where people lay in peace, when they have passed away. Again show ing what she knows and wants when she dies is expressed by her fears signified by the connotation of the cave. The cave indicates a hiding place or somewhere to go and get away or hide from ones problems. Lastly, I do it so it feels like hell (46) point outs very clearly her approach towards death and with the use of the word, hell viewing the connections of her wants in pain, both in the present and in the future. This line indicates that hatred towards her life and others influences in general depicts her depressing tone of the poem. This also, correlates to her boring and lonely life she lives. This is why diction is a very essential tool that Plath uses to show her emotional journey of death and her attitude towards it. As shown through many different word choices it expresses her true feelings towards this issue and the down, depressing tone that she has on death. As examples show, diction is one of the most essential poetic devises that Plath uses to enhance the attitude and tone of the poem. In addition to diction, imagery is another poetic devise that Plath applies to the context of the poem to augment the miserable tone. Through many of these images it vividly describes an event that associates with death. The first disturbing image that Plath brings into play is a description of her skin, my skin / Bright as a Nazi lampshade. This picture described correlates to the Nazis and how they used the skins of Jewish victims to make lampshades. This type of description defiantly shows vividly that the tone of the poem is far from joy and happiness. Another negative connotation to Jews is A paperweight, / My face a featureless, fine / Jew linen (7-9). This image again shows the ugliness of this woman and how she views herself, which suggests the down and revolting tone the speaker has towards life and death. Another description of the face that ne gatively describes the speaker, which in turn helps to determine the feeling of the tone, is The nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth? / The sour breath (13-14). These features of the womans face described here are those of someone who is sick, dying or dead. When reading these lines, the images that come into mind are disgusting and disturbing, which support and emphasize the horrible tone throughout the poem. Next, there are other types of images that show and describe other peoples reactions or interpretations of death and dying. What a million filaments / The peanut-crunching crowd (25-26) illustrate the audience and peers interpretations of the woman. The image of the filaments represents a thin line that burns out easily, and compares to the womans life, which is a thin string holding on. Then how she explains her life being short clarifies the awful tone she portrays. In addition, the crowd is an image that there are many people watching her go through her terrible life and struggling journey, and they are just there to watch not to help or participate in any way, like a crowd at a baseball game eating peanuts. This loss of caring towards the woman emphasizes again, the attitude towards death. Another use of imagery in this poem that Plath uses to give emphasis is an image that occurs after an attempt to one of her suicides, And picks the worms off me like sticky pearls (42). This di sturbing image shows and expresses the mood towards death in this poem. These words are so descriptive that they make a huge impact on the reader, which can make them cringe or feel uncomfortable. Those types of feelings that the reader may think of or sense supports the reasoning tone of the poem. Next, another image that supports the tone creates scenery after someone has been burned or cremated, Ash, ash- / You poke and stir. / Flesh, bone, there is nothing there- (73-75). Depicting this image are words that are only used when talking about death in a negative way. For example, flesh and bone are descriptions of the body, but when someone is alive they dont describe their body as flesh and bone. Using this type of diction and imagery shows the impact that it has on the deathly attitude of the tone. Lastly, the image that Plath uses to sum up the poem correlates back to the title. Out of the ash / I rise with my red hair / And I eat men like air (83-85), explains the rising of her death because of her multiple failures with suicide. Then in the last line she describes the image of eating the air, which explains her hatred for men, as well as life, but she continues to have to live and breath both the air of men and life. These images that describe death events, and other influences and reactions towards death are shown throughout the poem. Finally, in addition to diction and images, the last poetic devices that Plath utilizes to accentuate the attitude towards death are rhyme and sounds. Plath makes use of rhyme, sound and repetition to reiterate the points and the messages that she is trying to get across. For example, in lines 45 through 48, I do it exceptionally well. I do it so it feels like hell. I do it so it feels real. I guess you could say Ive a call. This shows that repetition reiterates the emphasis of the attitude towards dying. This method used by Plath drills the message and the negative tone into the reader to show the real feelings and emotions that are being expressed. In the next stanza, again Plath utilizes sounds to pierce the statement into the minds of the audience. Its easy enough to do it in a cell. / Its easy enough to do it stay put (49-50) explicates the true frustration of this woman speaker and the depressing tone that she is restating. Next, repetition of objects also emphasizes the attitude and tone of the speaker. For example, A cake of soap, / A wedding ring, / A gold filling (76-78) are all objects left behind from a cremation therefore, suggest a low and down tone to the poem. Lastly, the repetition of the word Beware (80) implies that there is fear and no reassurance that there is any positive connotation to these words. Therefore, all of this repetition and sounds that are used express and dramatically show the bitter tone of the speaker through her attitude. In conclusion, Plaths exercises various poetic devises that emphasize the attitude towards death by the speaker. Diction as a poetic devise shows though the choices that Plath makes in the selection of her words to depict the unenthusiastic tone of the poem. Then, the next poetic devise used is imagery, which was the most affective devise because of the vivid images the audience can imagine in their own minds. This approach also represents the depressing attitude and tone towards death. Lastly, the sounds and repetition are also used to show and express the downing aspects of the poem, including the tone and the attitude of the speaker. All together they make up just some of the important poetic devises that are being used in this poem that can analyze the speakers attitude towards death, which clearly is deadly.

Service Learning in College Essay -- Essays Papers Education Teaching

Service Learning in College Service learning provides college students with a whole new method of learning. This type of learning provides a student with an experience outside of the classroom in their area of concentration. Emily Knab, a college student at the University of Miami, has experienced service learning and found it very beneficial in her area of interest. Emily is studying education and wants to become a teacher in the future. She performed her service learning at an elementary school, focusing her attention on the third grade. She shadowed the teacher and completed many of the tasks that she would normally do. The students found Emily to be very helpful and respected her as if she were their real teacher. Emily stated that, â€Å"Service learning strengthened, increased, and developed my knowledge in education.† Service learning brings together the needs of the people within the community and gives students the chance to work with those needs (â€Å"Service Learning,â₠¬  par. 10). Field experiences combined with service learning activities is an essential part of growing academically (LaMaster 1). Service learning brings together student, community, and teacher through performance and education. Service learning has a growing history in the United States. The Native American people are the sources of community service. It was a part of their ethics that helping one another was the right thing to do (Wade 23-4). Helping one another was one of the only means of staying alive back when the native people were located around the United States. One of the largest steps in the expansion of service learning would have to be the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps with the leader... ... Douglas J. Simpson. To Serve and Learn: The Spirit of Community in Liberal Education. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1998. 21-33. Frederickson, J. Patricia. â€Å"Does Service Learning Make a Difference in Student Performance?† The Journal of Experiential Education Fall 2000: 1-12. Knab, Emily. Personal interview. 29 Oct. 2001. LaMaster, J. Kathryn. â€Å"Enhancing Preservice Teachers Field Experiences Through the Addition of a Service Learning Component.† The Journal of Experiential Education Spring 2001: 1-8. Wade, C. Rahima. Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum. New York: State University of New York Press, 1997. 19-46. â€Å"What is Service Learning?† Service Learning: The Home of Service Learning on the World Wide Web 22 Oct. 2001 .

10 Ways to Reduce Your Environmental Footprint Essay

10 ways to reduce your environmental footprint and improve profitability. Posted by Sam Kopytowski [->0]at 7:08 AM[->1] on July 7, 2010 Many companies talk about reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but too often there’s a large gap between words and action. Most companies seem to be holding off on taking any real steps to reduce their environmental footprint because they believe the investment cost is too high. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Leading companies, on the other hand, are way ahead of the curve. They know that being proactive on the environment provides risk mitigation benefits. Why? Because they see that government legislation may soon be brought in to regulate CO2 emissions. They understand that external shocks such as wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and pandemic outbreaks can have enormous impacts on supply chains and energy supply. They recognize that oil prices can only move upward. They believe that good corporate citizenship attracts investors and employees. And they see environment sensitivity as a way to differentiate themselves. GHG emission reductions must be tackled the same way you achieve safety in the workplace. You need to implement a strategic plan and stick to it. Greening a company requires commitment and support from the leadership team. Businesses need champions to lead their environmental initiatives†¦ and logisticians may be the best people for the job. Not only are they involved in sourcing, but they make the critical transportation decisions that will contribute to the greening of the company. Here are just some of the considerations they have to weigh: 1) Sourcing well – preferably as close as possible to the customer. We consistently examine the trade-off between cost of goods and transportation. However minimizing long-term costs may require us to consider other factors. What about flexibility – the ability to react quickly to market changes? What about consumer preferences? Ultimately if off-shore sourcing is the best option, the most energy-efficient transportation will be necessary. That might mean ocean freight rather than air freight – and this will require a thorough understanding of lead time. 2) Making domestic transportation decisions with a clear understanding of the benefits of rail versus truck, and what intermodal shipping makes most sense for the company. And, once again, this means understanding lead time and communicating time constraints to the customer. 3) Finding environmental programs like Fleet Smart/Smartway which certify leading edge trucking companies. Leading shippers are now incorporating this requirement into the Request for Proposals. 4) Sourcing energy-efficient equipment and a transportation management system that will optimize fleet routing and scheduling. Driver training will also have a huge impact in reducing GHG emissions. According to Claude Robert of Robert Transport, there’s a 35% reduction in the fuel consumption by the best drivers, compared to the worst. 5) Eliminating idling trucks at the shipping dock. Monitoring of idling engines can be done while checking that the wheels are chocked. 6) Using electric forklifts to load vehicles rather than propane or diesel. 7) Taking advantage of collaborative transportation. As discussed in this column last year, cooperation with other companies, even competing ones, needs to gain greater acceptance as a means to cut costs. It benefits everyone. 8) Converting large trucks to natural gas. Yes, capital costs are higher but, in the long run, there are tremendous fuel savings to be enjoyed while reducing harmful emissions. 9) Reducing packaging wherever possible. You’ll increase the density of your shipments, put more product on the vehicle, and reduce freight rates. 10) Reducing paper flow. Embrace the electronic transfer of information. It reduces costs both in supplies and labour. These are just a few ways that logisticians can green the supply chain. Most important is to take a baseline of where you are today and track your progress. I’m sure you’ll find that environmentally friendly business practices definitely improve profitability. Remember, as PricewaterhouseCoopers points out in its Transportation & Logistics, 2030 study, â€Å"He who focuses on carbon footprinting is stepping on the right foot.† Source: http://wwwxcdlogistics.blogspot.com/2010/07/10-ways-to-reduce-your-environmental.html [->0] – http://www.blogger.com/profile/08905558298613954753 [->1] – http://wwwxcdlogistics.blogspot.com/2010/07/10-ways-to-reduce-your-environmental.html

Does TV increase violence among children and teenagers

Does TV increase violence among children and teenagers Children between the ages of zero and six year are continuously learning and developing socially and emotionally. For an appropriate development, a child needs love and care from both parents. In the case of families experiencing domestic violence, the social and emotional development of children brought put in such families is affected negatively. Psychological wellness of the child is affected at early age and later in life.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Does TV increase violence among children and teenagers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children are socialized by what they hears, what it sees other people do, the environment around the child the environments and so forth. The child is constantly learning the behaviour that will further be reflected in the teenage. When a child is exposed to violence behaviour, he/she is more likely to take them positive and later in life at adolescence or a grown up finds itself violent because of what he saw. Technological improvement has brought different method of information dispensing as well socialization mediums, they are both electronic and print media that a child or teenager has access to. One of the most notable information dispensers is television sets and radio; the technological devises airs both national and international news , TVs can be used to play visual and audio videos. With the increase in media freedom, the media has brought a number of issues that have influenced on the life of a people, they have sometimes aired programs, and music and news that can reign force the vice of violence in children and teenagers. The people of the area uphold culture; it is transmitted to new entrants into the society; the culture covers in areas of language used by the people, the way they do thing, religion that they practice, structure, identity, norms, belief and values thy hold. there are some cultures that reinforce violence in their countries, for example among the Muslims, there is holy war culture, in case such information is aired through television, someone who does not understand the underlying principle is likely to think that violence pays. Children and teenagers are spending more times with television sets than they are spending with other people because of the busy schedule of the people. How someone behaves is influence by the exposure that he has. TVs are offering an exposure that is changing increasing chances of violence among children and teenagers. Although televisions and the media in general has opened and created a global culture among children and teenagers, the effect that it is having on their character building is sometimes negative. Children and teenagers are opened up to the world, which is a positive move however some of the issues they are getting opened to is having negative impact on their behaviour.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Studies have shown that to a certain extent, the media has contributed to the negative attitude and behaviour seen among communities in today is globalizing world. When media are not controlled, the negative effect is likely to prevail for long period and have a negative effect on societies and the world in general. This annotated bibliography paper discusses how televisions increases violence among children and teenagers. Albiniak, Paige. Violent media, violent kids? Broadcasting Cable. 31 Jul. 2000: 14. eLibrary. Web.. According to the article when media brings about a certain program that seems to advocate for violence among children, then chances are on the higher side that the children will be violent. When the media bring out a certain movie, that has a violent hero at the end of the day, the growing nature of children and teenagers are easily persuaded in many situations, they would id entify themselves with the a violent character. In the efforts of trying to be like the character, they end up being violent themselves such programs include action movies. Anonymous. Is exposure to media violence a public-health risk?. Lancet 9619(2008):1137. eLibrary. Web.. In the article, the writer is of the opinion that some programs aired in televisions have a negative effect on the health of human beings, some advocate for war and some even air camera tricks killings, children are much likely to think that is the nature of life and when they practice it they end up hurting others. The writer condemns video game like Manhunt 2 and Grand Theft Auto IV, and feels they are likely to impact negatively on children watching them. Movies are made in such a way they have a message they are developing home. Some movies are meant to depict how portraying certain super national heroic aspects will be of benefit.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on D oes TV increase violence among children and teenagers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By Amanda Paulson Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor. TV violence tough to curb despite FCCs new plea. Christian Science Monitor. 30 Apr. 2007: 2. eLibrary. Web.. The science monitor is pushing for a media violence act where the kind of movies , and programs that are aired over the media should be vetted and weighed for their effects. Action movies are in most cases developed in a way that the â€Å"master† or the â€Å"ninja† will outdo the local authorities like the police and can thus go ahead and commit a crime and move unhurt. There is other that the hero intelligence and wisdom are portrayed when he can forecast the future with a good level of precision. What the movie leaves in the mind of the viewers is that one can easily succeed in life by following unlawful means. The fact that the hero always is successful is planting a seed of deviant behaviour in the population. Congressional Testimony. STEREOTYPES AND DEGRADING IMAGES:STRAUSS ZELNICK. Federal Document Clearing House, 25 Sep. 2007. eLibrary. Web.. A documentary by Congressional Testimony looks down the effects that the media is bring to the society, they are of the opinion that media is building deviant behaviour among the youth. A latest series called prison break was portraying an impression that running away from the prison was an easy task and all that was required is an organization among the intimates. Such a movie is in away encouraging crime since the criminal think that even after he has been convicted of a crime, he is smarter than the police are and can always run away from the prison. This movie advocates for crime. Another movie that has a negative influence is â€Å"The predictor† by Arnold swarznegger in these movies the hero does not respect the authority but decides to go ahead and look for a predator. These entire movie s are affecting negatively to children and teenagers.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Earles, K A; Alexander, Randell; Johnson, Melba; Liverpool, Joan; McGhee, Melissa. Media influences on children and adolescents: Violence and sex. Journal of the National Medical Association 9(2002):797. eLibrary. Web.. Media has had an impact on the morality levels in our communities, some programs like music and movies are seen to advocate for sex and violence. The way some songs are shot, they are in most places in posy bars and restaurants. The main character is portrayed to have an access to all the women and can buy beer in a great way. If this is, the hero that children are going to imitate the resultant society will be a society of immorality; since the achievement is seen as if it is measured by how immoral, one is. The value and salinity of sex is eroded when they show that it can be done anytime anywhere. Fraracci, Lauren. Television: Teacher of violence. Social Studies Review. 01 Apr. 2002: 77. eLibrary. Web.. Fraracci observes modern society and how parents have become busy and leaving the role of socialization to the media, the article is of the opinion that currently children are using more time on the television than their mentors and parents. When this happen they are likely to take over the values portrayed over the media, which may reinforces violence and immorality in children and teenager. The writer blames current vice of early sex to media. Hurst, Marianne D. Researchers Target Impact of Television Violence. Education Week. 17 Nov. 2004: 8. eLibrary. 10th Apr. 2011. The writer take a look on how media and their material has impacted on children; he says that you will hear the children trying to talk like the personalities in these music videos and the movies they see; this shows they have established a certain character in a movie personality they would like to follow. In most case the personality is not right thus misleading a child. Other than the crime part, there is immorality that some of the programs aired. The dancers are portraye d as having a good life despite the fact that they are dancing when almost naked. Their dancing mode is that they encourage immorality in the society. Immorality is the foundation of crime. Jipguep, Marie-Claude; Sanders-Phillips, Kathy. The Context of Violence for Children of Color: Violence in the Community and in the Media. Journal of Negro Education 4(2003):379. eLibrary. Web.. The writer connects the violence and heartlessness prevailing among people in communities to have some roots in the medias that children’s are exposed. For example, some movies and music, especially those that are made in Jamaica (Reggae), advocate for the use of drugs. Some of them are for the opinion that taking bhang is not a crime. If someone, more so a child interprets the message in the wrong way, he can easily get in the vice. Young innocent children after watching the movies have been seen to try smoking something. The songs are also shot in a club setting and the most respected person is t he one who can buy beers more to others this enforces a bad behaviour. Lavers, Daphne. Media violence: Ugly and getting uglier. World I. 01 Mar. 2002: 68. eLibrary. Web.. The writer of the article is of the opinion that the influence of media is getting worse and more children are likely to be misguided by the media programs they see. The media has a very strong driving force to the perception and the attitude that the public is going to have. This is through the movies that they air as well as the news that they put a lot of weight. If the media portrays something as morally good, or gives the impression that by following a certain way one will be successful, then the public is more likely to believe this as the truth. The way that it advocates for the occurrence of crime may be in a direct way or indirect way. It opens a child to the outside environment through the programs. MICHAEL PAUL WILLIAMS. DANGEROUS MESSAGES? MEDIA VIOLENCE ABOUNDS; SO DOES DEBATE ON ITS EFFECTS. Richmond Times-Dispatch. 13 Oct. 1994: A-1. eLibrary. Web.. The writer is of the view that children and teenagers are the most affected by what the media broadcasts, since their mind is fresh and they may lack the needed guidelines from the parents especially in this era that all the parents are working. They tend to believe the information that is given by the media as the gospel truth. In the streets, you will find the children playing in a wrestling ways. They even call themselves names of wrestling personalities as they play. They tend to do what they were watching and may hurt themselves. If this is not rectified, chances that they will become violent people in future are high.

Free Essays on Anitgone

While reading the Greek play, Antigone, sadness and despair came to mind. The characters’ fate in the play all seems to be doomed for death and tragedy. There were many conflicts that occurred throughout the play whether it is between choosing family over the law, high class and low class, or the decision to do right over wrong. The lost of loved ones was due to the stubbornness of a tyrant king, Kreon, who refused to give Antigone’s brother, Polyneices, a proper burial. If Kreon chose to obey the Gods and gave Polyneices a proper burial, or if Antigone decided to follow the laws, heartbreak and death could have been prevented. Kreon refused to listen to anyone but himself and lost a wife, a son, and a daughter-in-law during his reign as king. I found the Greek play, Antigone, interesting to read. There is so much drama and conflict that occurs throughout the play, which makes things even more suspenseful. It makes a person want to keep on reading to find out what happens next. There is always a twist behind every corner. I was overcome with sadness that each character’s fate was destined for death. I felt lost throughout parts in the play because the author did not fully explain or express the story behind each character, and seem to just introduce one character after another, expecting the audience to understand what is going on at every moment.... Free Essays on Anitgone Free Essays on Anitgone While reading the Greek play, Antigone, sadness and despair came to mind. The characters’ fate in the play all seems to be doomed for death and tragedy. There were many conflicts that occurred throughout the play whether it is between choosing family over the law, high class and low class, or the decision to do right over wrong. The lost of loved ones was due to the stubbornness of a tyrant king, Kreon, who refused to give Antigone’s brother, Polyneices, a proper burial. If Kreon chose to obey the Gods and gave Polyneices a proper burial, or if Antigone decided to follow the laws, heartbreak and death could have been prevented. Kreon refused to listen to anyone but himself and lost a wife, a son, and a daughter-in-law during his reign as king. I found the Greek play, Antigone, interesting to read. There is so much drama and conflict that occurs throughout the play, which makes things even more suspenseful. It makes a person want to keep on reading to find out what happens next. There is always a twist behind every corner. I was overcome with sadness that each character’s fate was destined for death. I felt lost throughout parts in the play because the author did not fully explain or express the story behind each character, and seem to just introduce one character after another, expecting the audience to understand what is going on at every moment....

Project planning and implementation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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The Process of Financial Acquisition - Scholarship Essay Example Worst of it all, all the international students to pay a lot of money in the institutions admitted. In addition to tuition fees, other requirements such as upkeep further make the burden wanting. Therefore, I am requesting if you would be in a position to grant me a scholarship. Such a situation would just change my life and every decision I make since then I would have a simple time in my study and concentrate fully in my area of specialization. My mother who remains the sole breadwinner will cease to have an extreme financial burden she is currently having. Additionally, it would not only be a motivation to me, but also an intrinsic reward, whereby I would also like to assist needy students in the future. My success as a Psycho-biologist will be of great help to my burdened family and the community. I will be of immense assistance to society in terms of contributing to community development projects such as free counseling sessions for mentally ill clients. I totally assure you tha t I will live an exemplary life worth emulation even to the other students. I look forward to your consideration to grant me a scholarship. Â  

Motivation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Phonology reading Essay Example for Free

Phonology reading Essay 1. I hereby certify that I am the author of the attached item of coursework and that all materials from reference sources have been properly acknowledged. 2. I understand what plagiarism is and what penalties may be imposed on students found guilty of plagiarism. 3. I certify that this paper contains no plagiarized material. 4. I certify that this is my own work and that I did not receive any unfair assistance from others (including unauthorized collaboration) in its preparation. 5. I certify that this paper has not previously been submitted either in its entirety or in part within the UWI system or to any other educational institution. 6. In the case of group work: a. I certify that the individual work of each member of the group has been clearly indicated; b. that where no such indication has been given, I take the responsibility for the work as if it were the section of the paper for which I am solely responsible; and c. that I have not collaborated with any members of the group to breach the University’s regulations. Signature: M. Thompson Date: February 25, 2013 Children of the 21st century will face many challenges that will require them to use reading in different forms. As we begin the new millennium, research- based approaches to teach reading and writing is being relied upon to drive students towards the ultimate goal. Literacy for all, understanding how children learn, particularly how they learn to read and write influences the instructional approaches taken in homes as well as classrooms. Adams (1990) defines Phonological awareness as an awareness of sounds and the ability to revealed tasks such as rhyming, matching sounds, deleting sounds, blending or segmenting sounds. Because these sounds are spoken words they require testing to manipulate phonological segments. This is required to determine the performance of good readers and poor readers. Depend on the result one can determine which elements of phonological awareness are absent or reliable for both readers. He further articulate that they are five levels of difficulty in phonological awareness these are Awareness of rhyme and alliteration, comparing and contrasting the sounds of words for rhyme and alliteration, blending and splitting syllables, full segmentation of component phonemes and adding deleting and moving phonemes. In addition to these five levels of difficulty is the importance of phonological development. Phonological development is the key to phonological awareness. Proctor and Compton (2004) babies are not born with the full range of adult perceptual abilities, which include the five senses vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. However, these abilities develop greatly within the first year of life. Newborn babies can only process sensory information and their understanding of sight, sound and touch stimuli develop rapidly as they grow. This leads to cognitive development which, in turn lays the foundation for language development. In preschool years, a child develops phonological skills, these skills acquired in a largely unconscious, or implicit fashion that is to say, even though the child may be able to produce certain vowels, consonants and consonant clusters he or she has not explicit awareness of doing so. Phonological awareness is so called because the child becomes explicitly aware of the phonology being taught and has the conscious ability to detect and manipulate phonological units. It is important to note that phonological awareness is a subset of the larger set of skills known as phonological processing. Phonological processing involves receiving sound waves from the ear and then using this date to assemble pronunciation of the word that was spoken. The process of assembling a pronunciation is known as coding. Deficits in phonological processing are responsible for some differences between good and poor readers (Stanorich, 1986 😉 poor readers are slower and less accurate than good readers. Many studies have found that certain levels of phonological awareness are essential to the development of early reading ability such as an awareness of rhyme, the ability to blend sounds, to isolate initial and final consonants and to distinguish phonological elements smaller than Syllables. Other more difficult elements of phonological awareness are developed as a result of learning to read, that is â€Å"the relationship between phonemic awareness and learning to read is most likely one of reciprocal causation or mutual facilitation (Yopp, 1992,) The relationship between phonological awareness and reading acquisition are complex, and there is strong evidence that difficulty with awareness and manipulation of verbal sounds has powerful effects on reading ability. However, the most positive finding stemming from research on phonological awareness is that â€Å"critical levels of phonological awareness can be developed through carefully planned instruction† (Chard Dickson 1999) there is also consistent support that â€Å"phonological awareness facilitates reading and is facilitated by reading instruction. † (Smith,Simmons Kameenui 1995) This finding has important implications for teaching. It implies that students must be taught explicitly about sounds in order to benefit from reading instruction but also that phonological awareness can be highlighten in relation to reading of text. Teaching programs, therefore, need to include activities which focus on the sounds in spoken English in pre-school and in the early years of schooling. Such activities include rhyming activities, breaking speech into individual words, alliteration, blending sounds, segmenting of words into onset rime and then to more demanding tasks such segmenting or deletion of individual. Charles A. Perfetti, Nicole Landi, and Jane Oakhill simple state that reading acquisition is the comprehension of learning to understand writing as well as one understands spoken language has empirical justification. (Curtis, 1980; Sticht James, 1984). also added that learning to read, the correlations between reading and spoken language comprehension are small because at the beginning, children are learning to decode and identify words, so it is these word-reading processes that limit comprehension. He further established that as children move beyond the beginnings of learning to read, the correlations between reading comprehension and spoken language comprehension increase and then level out by high school Famous behaviorist skinner (1974) explained students learn to read by learning a series of discrete skills. He believes that learning is the result of stimulus and response actions direct instructions are given when teaching the requisite skill in a planned, sequential manner. Information is presented in small steps and reinforced through practice until a solid foundation is laid. Jean Piagets (1969) constructivism theoretical framework differs, as learning is described as the modification of students’ cognitive structures schemata as they interact with or adapt to their environment schemata are like mental filing cabinets and new information is organized with prior knowledge in filling system. Piaget also posited that children are active motivated thinkers and learners so instead of teachers and adults dispensing information or knowledge, children are engaged with experiences so that they modify their schemata and construct their own knowledge. The sociolinguistics contributes a cultural dimension to how children learn. They view reading and writing as social activities that reflect the culture and community in which children live. (heath ,1983 ,vygotsky1978,1986)according to Vygotsky, language help to organize thought and children use language to learn as well as to communicate with others. Tremendous amount of new research under the term â€Å"emergent literacy† (teale sulzby 1991) shows us what happens in the homes of children where literacy is a priority. Children borned into homes where someone spends time with them in reading activities walk into the school system with an incredible foundation on which phonological awareness can be built. Parents or adults read to children and talk to them about what is being read. The reading is normally done in the lap position where the child can see pictures as well as the words used to tell about the pictures. Favourite books are read again and again hence creating a stimulating environment for reading acquisition to begin. Parents are the children’s first and best teachers and can therefore do many things to support their children’s development at home. In addition to reading to their children and listening to their children attempting to read to them they are building children’s self esteem and phonological awareness. In some homes the main reading experience is the bible, new papers, nursery rhyme or novels. Families write signs on furniture, make shopping lists or leave written messages for others. As children are able to hear and identify sounds from intra uterine to infancy, gradually they are able to separate syllables and manipulate the sounds in words, expanding their grasp of frequently used words and phrases. Favourite stories are re-read until they become well-known and words are easily pronounced as they talk an appreciation is developed for associating sounds with letters, a basis that is necessary for learning to read. The phonological system is important for both oral and written language as it plays a crucial role in reading instruction during the primary grades. Children use their knowledge of phonics as they learn to read and write. Phonological Development and Phonological Awareness Unit 2, outline that phonological awareness cannot be the only cause of reading acquisition. This is so based on the studies carried out which discover other influence on reading development. Adams 1990 highlighted the importance of alphabetic principle which consists of alphabetic understanding with the knowledge that letters correspond with sounds and words are composed of sounds. Therefore, it is evident that phonological awareness and reading acquisition has some forms of relationship; since both has powerful effects on reading ability. Based on the information gathered the levels of phonological awareness can be developed through carefully planned instruction where students must be taught clearly about sounds in order to benefit from reading instruction and develop phonological ability. The importance of phonological awareness in relation to reading acquisition posits by Juel, 1986) a longitudinal study of children in first and second grade. The study is quiet evident that children who perform low in phonemic awareness in first grade remained the low performances in reading through fourth grade remain the low performers in reading through fourth grade. With this in mind when working with children it must be clear that phonemic awareness is a perquisite for learning to read Cunningham, 1999, as they become phonemically aware, children recognize that speech can be segmented into smaller units, this knowledge is very useful as they learn about sound-symbol correspondence and spelling patterns. Phonological development  and phonological awareness unit 2 posits that phonemic awareness is critical to the reading process because reading involves the translation of graphemes into phonemes if one does not mastered all the phonemes in language, then they are not in a position to translate graphemes into phonemes, students’ who have not mastered phonemic awareness experience reading difficulty. So with this is mind one relevant key principle of effective phonological awareness instruction is nursery rhymes. Rhymes are the correspondence of ending sounds or words or lines of verse. Rhyming is the ability to indentify words that have identical final sounds segments Bryan and Bradley (1985)report that scores of initial rhyming test predicted reading and spelling progress and years later researcher suggest rhyme facilitates reading and spelling in the following ways: rhyming helps students develop phonemic awareness, which facilitates decoding, rhyming teaches students to group words together by sound, thereby reducing the number of words they have to learn to read by making generalizations of larger sound units, rhyming teaches students to make connections between categories and the letter string patterns that are used to spell words. I would read stories that have rhyming words, draw to the students attention the word that rhyme, help students to identify the patterns made by a rhyme, recite rhymes, sing the rhymes, clap to the rhymes even act out the rhymes. Sing and use students’ names to complete the rhyme example wallaby Wallaby, Wusan an elephant sat on Suzan wallaby Wallaby Wark an elephant sat on Mark as students catch on to the rhyming pattern, they can generate the rhyme using other names. For example in these four activities the teacher read aloud a story that contains many words that rhyme for example a fat rat in hat. After reading the story the students will chant the rhyming words heard in the story. The next activity the teacher introduce the rhyme ‘at’ then students follow the rhyming pattern bat, cat, fat, hat, mat pat, rat and sat. Students will clap and sing as they say each rhyming word. For activity two students will stand in a line the first person will say a rhyme which relates to ‘at’ if it is correct, the child gets the chance to shoot a ball in the provided hoop. If it is incorrect, teacher and students will assist and that child goes to the back of the line. The last activity students will be provided with a print activity sheet in which they will fill in the missing letter based on what was learned in activities one and two above. These activities will be modeled daily until students fully grasped the concepts. Modeling is the process of demonstrating for someone something he or she does not know Bandura,(1986). when students see teachers or parents at home reading or writing a letter modeling is taking place, so that’s why modeling can be a very constructive way that students can be taught reading. Modeling can be implicit or explicit (Roehler duffy , 1991). According to Deanna mascle rhyme is important to emergent literacy and learning to read because it teaches children about language. Rhyming helps children about word families such as let, met, pet, and get. Rhyming also teaches children the sound of language. Other important skills include phonological awareness, the ability to notice and work with sounds in language. Rhyme help with phonemic awareness which is the smallest units of sound that make up words. The awareness leads to reading and writing success. Rhyme also teaches children who are learning to read about the patterns and structures of both spoken and written language. Rhymes expose children to the rhythm of the language this will help them read with intonation in their voice instead of first a monotone. Rhymes also prepare children to make predictions while learning words and give them crucial decoding skills. When students are faced with reading challenges as that one referred to in the study by Juel et al( 1986) that children from first grade through fourth are low performing children in phonemic awareness rhyme, can help make the task both easier and more fun, teach important language skills, and teach language pattern and structure. These benefits given above are of vital importance in giving your child a positive start to reading. References. http://www. pitt. edu/~perfetti/PDF/The%20Acquisition%20of%20Reading%20Comprehension%20Skill http://linguistics. huji. ac. il/IATL/27/Abstracts/Gafni. pdf http://Ezine article. com/? expert=Deanna_mascle. Literacy for the 21st century A Balanced Approach 4th edition by Gail E. Tompkins Literacy helping children construct meaning 5th edition by J. David Cooper with Nancy D. Kiger Phonics They Use words for reading and writing by Patricia m. Cunningham Unit 2 EDLS6501 Module 2 Phonological Developments and Phonological Awareness.