The Effects Of Stress On College Students And Cognitive...

Introduction Stress is a nonspecific response of the human organism to any demand make upon it. It can influence the way we perform on tests and homework and how we act at home or work. There are different types of stress that can occur in the body. Acute stress is the body’s response to imminent danger. This short-term stress usually occurs when we are told we will have a quiz or have to give a speech in class. Chronic stress is a prolonged physical or emotional stress. This can cause damage to the body if the stress lasts for too long. Optimal stress is intense enough to motivate and physically prepare us to perform well but not enough to cause harm to the body. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of stress on college students and their cognitive processing. If stress negatively affects cognitive thinking, then at least 80% of the students will score lower on quiz #2. Methods The instructor conducted these quizzes with 22 students in the classroom. The students were instructed to get out a blank sheet of paper and number it 1-12 for a quiz. For the first quiz, the instructor put on a PowerPoint with a series of questions that lasted for 5 seconds each. The students had to go on to the next question even if they did not answer the previous one. After the first quiz, the students were told to flip the paper over and write a story. This story could not include words with the letters e and a. The students were given a total of 5 minutes to completeShow MoreRelatedWhy Heavy Drinking Is So Prevalent Among College Students At Frat Parties1244 Words   |  5 PagesWhen students come to college, they believe they need to â€Å"drink to get drunk† at frat parties. This mentality arises from cognitive processes, perceptions, and motor activations that explain why heavy drinking is so prevalent among college students at frat parties. In Townshend Duka’s (2001) dot probe detection experiment, they studied the various expectations people may have concerning the outcome of consuming alcohol. They found that heavy drinkers expect to become more sexual and social whileRead MoreThesis Statement : Sleep Deprivation1414 Words   |  6 Pagesdeprivation is harmful to college students because it hinders student learning and jeopardizes their safety while driving. I. Learning a. Memory b. Lack of attention II. Safety a. Fatigue b. Decision making Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive and psychological well-being of a person. Learning, memory processing and maintenance of theRead MoreEssay about The mozart effect1002 Words   |  5 Pages The Mozart Effect Does classical music really help you study better? Many recent research studies show that music idoes in fact improve cognitive thinking. In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so-called Mozart Effect - that college students â€Å"who listened to ten minutes of Mozarts Sonata for Two Pianos in D major K448 before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher† than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies haveRead More Musics Effect on Intelligence Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMusics Effect on Intelligence Music is said to affect the intellect of humans in several different ways. Specifically, it is said to affect infants more than any other age group. Music can improve learning skills, test taking skills, concentration, heartbeat, and relaxation. Music has been proven to offer several benefits for infants, young children, young adults, as well as for adults. With all of this in mind, how can one connect music with intellect? Many recent research studies focusRead MorePositive and Negative Psychological Effects of Television Viewing651 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Effects of Television Viewing The use of electronic devices such as television, computers, tablets, cell phones, and video games has become the main feature of recreational activity for the youth. And considering the heavy use of such devices by children and adolescents these days, it is worth exploring psychological effects of such devices. It is beyond the scope of this paper to look at the effects of all these devices, so the subject of this inquiry is only the effects of TV viewingRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance3327 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditoryRead MoreDoes Giving Praise Help Students Improve Performance On An Academic Quiz? Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Giving Praise to Students Improve Performance on an Academic Quiz? Can creating a positive mood in a group of college research participants induce higher scores on a fifth-grade level math and English academic assessment? Positive mood has been credited to modification of cognitive function depending on the task (Van der Stigchel, Imants, Ridderinkhof, 2011). It is common knowledge that receiving and giving compliments, to and from others, especially those relating to appearance and personalityRead MoreThe Emergence Of Emerging Adulthood1563 Words   |  7 PagesErikson emphasized, a secure identity fosters attainment of intimacy. Commitment to personally meaningful values and goals prepares young adults for interpersonal commitments, which increase as early adulthood progresses. Among large samples of college students, identity achievement was positively correlated with fidelity (loyalty in relationships) and love, for both men and women. In contrast, identity moratorium-- a state of searching prior to commitment-- was negatively associated with fidelity andRead MoreAging : More Than Their Stereotypes Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesAging: More Than Their Stereotypes As people continue to live life and grow older, it is inevitable that they will age. Aging has many effects on an individual’s physical health, emotional well-being, and cognition. Key developmental changes occur in vision and hearing; both begin declining as people age (Weiten, 2014). The deterioration of these senses can be seen in Young@Heart during the scene where a few members are joking around in a car. The driver was Lenny, an ex-World War II pilot, becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Anxiety And Depressed Patients Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF MUSIC TO ANXIETY AND DEPRESSED PATIENTS OGABA ANITA BAIYERE PRECIOUS MODUPE AJISAFE (not involved yet) IZE ANUMA ABSTRACT The goal of the study is to examine the effects of music to anxiety and depressed patients. Music has been a therapeutic treatment used for a long time. Percentages of people who are aware and use this complementary medicine are on a low range. Depression is a state of measuring low mood and apathy (especially to his day to day activities). Anxiety is an

Essay on Police Brutality Violates Human Rights - 762 Words

Over the years United States has witnessed a substantial increase in police brutality, it is one of the most common and serious violation of the human rights and it happens more often than we care to know in our communities, ranging from verbal to physical abuse in which usually an innocent person results injured as police officers lay their called justice upon the alleged criminals. Police officers are faced with a wide variety of threatening situations on the job every day, they go through an intensive training at the academy to prepare them for the safety keeping job they have. The use of force may or may not be a significant predicament but it should be viewed by the community as well as the police. Often police officers find†¦show more content†¦Many factors can contribute to this problem the police force is having with police officers abuse of power, one of them being the psychological health of police officers where they aren’t fit to serve and protect the peop le they sworn to protect. After the shooting of an unarmed woman at Capitol Hill, The National Allegiance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and the Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) started what is to be the most Comprehensive Police Officer mental health program in the country, this 40 hours crisis intervention program is available in 45 states as well as the district of Columbia, excluded are the state of Delaware, West Virginia, Alabama, Arkansas and Rhode Island. Needless to say a few departments are working hard to improve the quality and integrity of their officers to eliminate the raising percentage of officers committing abuse to those who they sworn to protect. 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Post Cold War Free Essays

Explain why the ending of the Cold War was not followed by a period of world peace and stability. ____________________________________________________________ ___________ The ending of the cold war did not leave any sign of hope for the world to live in peace and prosperity. Until this second, there are hundreds of men, women and children being killed, injured, raped and executed for various reasons, some which may be legit while others are war related objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Cold War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The world, not sure if this is the right word for it now, has gone and still is through some very tremendous events in the last 17 years or so, starting off with the gulf war which shocked the world in one night, Kosovo war, Al-Aqsa Intifada, war in Afghanistan, war on terror and Iraq, the list can go on and on, some which remain in the books of history and some which are still written about in history books today as that they are ongoing conflicts and example would be the war on terror. To make this whole concept I just talked about more clearly, I will try to explain the reasons to why the ending of the Cold War was not followed by a period of world peace and stability, by talking about the gulf war and how one night changed the lives and situations of many nations, mainly Israel and Palestine and how the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) played a major role in this war, leading to the Palestinian Intifada and the current events that are happening right now. The Gulf war was simply a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force from 35 nations authorized by the United Nations (UN) and led primarily by the United States in order to liberate Kuwait. [1] The Gulf War had two major impacts. First, the war was a catalyst for regional changes that started several years before the eruption of the crisis itself. The polarization of the Arab world was intensified by the invasion of an Arab state by another. Second, the war demonstrated which political terms existed in the Middle East at the time of the Iraqi invasion. On a rhetorical level, Saddam Hussein established a link between the Persian Gulf crisis and the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, thus demonstrating the destabilizing effect of the unresolved Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Iraqi leader compared the Iraqi invasion with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza and demanded Israeli withdrawal before even considering a pullback from Kuwait. [2] During the Gulf War, the Israeli public took a step to the right, legitimizing the sanctions the Likud-government posed on the Palestinians. The sanctions were a result of two circumstances: the failing of the Palestinians – especially the PLO and the moderate political leaders in the West Bank – to condemn the Iraqi invasion; and the images of Palestinians cheering the Iraqi Scuds raining down on Tel Aviv. [3] Israel closed the borders between ‘Israel-proper’ and the occupied territories, preventing Palestinian workers from attending their jobs in Israel. Despite an increase of nearly half a million in the Israeli population due to immigration from Russia between 1989 and 1991, the Israeli policy resulted in a reduction in the GDP and a deterioration of the economic situation activity (ibid. )[4]. For the Palestinians, an already difficult economic situation got worse. This resulted in a boomerang-effect for Israel, intensifying the level of conflict with the Palestinians With the outbreak of the intifada, the core of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict moved inside the occupied territories, and the Green-line was re-drawn. The broad mobilization of nearly all layers of the Palestinian society in the earliest stages of the uprising strengthened the national unity. This kind of communal uprising turned out to be more difficult for Israel to fight than the PLO-launched guerilla-attacks from Arab territory during the 1970’s (Hunter 1991). Despite the optimism[5], the standard of living continued to deteriorate because of the mass-arrests, arbitrary detention and curfews carried out by the Israeli security forces (IDF and the border police). While many would agree that the mentioned above can be directly linked to the events that are going right now in Palestine and that have went on for the last couple of years, many would disagree, but if you want to look at it from a historical angle, it has a lot to do with the Gulf War. The end of the Cold War is a main point of reference in this analysis. However, important changes affecting the political situation in the Middle East started years before the Berlin-Wall was torn down, and the Soviet Empire crumbled. Therefore one might ask if the ‘window of opportunity’ would have ‘opened’ if the Cold War had continued. Would the locally initiated structural changes by themselves created a momentum for peace? My answer is that the combined effects of changes at the extra-regional level (the end of the Cold War), the regional level (the Gulf War), and the local level (the intfada) in sum ‘opened’ the window and let groups in the Israeli and Palestinian leaderships willing and ready to negotiate peace inside. Ultimately, Israel was successful in containing the uprising. The Palestinians’ force was inferior in relation to the well equipped and trained Israeli Defense Forces. However, the Intifada pinpointed numerous problems with the IDF’s conduct in the operative and tactical fields, as well as the general problem of Israel’s prolonged control of the West Bank and Gaza strip. These problems were noticed and widely criticized, both in international forums (in particular, when humanitarian questions were at stake), but also in Israeli public opinion, in which the Intifada had caused a split. 6] Bibliography 1. Abadi, Jacob (1994): â€Å"The Gulf War and Its Implications for Israel†. Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 17, No. 3 (55-78). 2. Freedman, Robert. The middle East after Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait, University Press of Florida, 1993 (213-215) 3. Walsh, Ben. Modern world history, John Murray, London, 2001 4. Choueiri, Youssef M. (1997): Islamic fundamentalism -rev. ed. London : Pinter 5. Kuper , Adam and Jessica Kuper (eds. ) (1996): The Social Science Encyclopedia (Second edition). London and New York: Routledge. 6. Keddie, Nikki R. (1992): â€Å"The end of the Cold War and the Middle East†. In Hogan (ed. ) The End of the Cold War. Its meaning and implications (151-161). 7. Clarke, Richard. Against all enemies: Inside America’s war on terror, Free Press, 2004 (62-64) 8. Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999, Knopf, 1999. p. 612 ———————– [1] The reported number of countries participating in the Coalition varies according to source. These variations may be in part be due to uncertainty over what level of participation constitutes being a Coalition member, and vagueness over the organization timeline of the Coalition. Examples of count variations include: an Arab anti-Gulf War essay – 31; CNN – 34; an Arab media site – 36; the Heritage Foundation (a US conservative think tank citing a 1991 Department of Defense report) – 38; US Institute of Medicine report on Gulf War Veterans’ Health – 39. The number of Coalition members has been reported to be as low as 19 at the beginning of the air campaign. 2] Freedman, Robert. The middle East after Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait, University Press of Florida, 1993 [3] Even the Peace Now-organization and well known peace-activists like Amoz Oz and Yael Dayan supported the sanctions the Likud-government posed on the Palestinians [4] Kuper, Adam and Jessica Kuper (eds. ) (1996): The Social Science Encyclopedia (Second edition). London and New York: Routledge. [5] Choueiri, Youssef M. (1997): Islamic fundamentalism -rev. ed. London : Pinter [6] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999, Knopf, 1999. p. 612 How to cite Post Cold War, Papers

African

African-Latin American Music Essay The frame xylophone, such as those played by the MANNED and Lobo of West Africa, the FANG of Cameroon, ND the Chopin of Macaque, has gourd resonators hung beneath each key. The loose-key xylophone, such as the Uganda madding of Uganda, is left unassembled when not in use; when played, the keys are laid across two banana stems. As widespread as the xylophone, and unique to African and African-derived cultures, is the umbra, which consists of flat iron strips mounted on a board or box with one end of each strip left free to be plucked by the thumbs or thumbs and forefingers. The simplest of the many stringed instruments found throughout Africa is the musical BOW, resonated with a gourd or with the mouth of the player. ZITHERS and African-Latin American Music By Johanna 7 hemispherical or rectangular body and two arms extending to a crossbar where the strings are attached, is played in Ethiopia and Uganda. In western Africa the most common stringed instrument is the skin-covered LUTE, either boat-shaped with two to five plucked strings or hemispherical with one bowed string. Three stringed instruments unique to Africa are the bridge harp (or harp lute), the harp zither, and the bow lute. The best-known form of the bridge harp is the 21- string Madding okra of western Africa. It is held facing the player, who plucks two lanes of strings mounted in notches on either side of a high bridge. The harp zither, best known as the Fang move of Cameroon, also has a notched bridge that is mounted in the center of its long tubular body. The bow lute, such as the Bambina Amanda, is plucked and has an individual curved neck for each string. The FLUTES of Africa are of every type except the RECORDER. In eastern, central, and southern Africa, groups of musicians play sets of single-note vertical pipes, each person contributing a single note to create a complex polyphonic texture. Panpipes are also played in this area. Of the various reed instruments of Africa, the most table is the Hausa Algeria of Nigeria, a short conical-bore double reed. African TRUMPETS include the kaki, a straight herald trumpet of tin associated with Hausa aristocracy, but the most typical African trumpets are made of natural animal horns, ivory, or hollowed wood and are played in sets in the same manner as the single-note vertical pipes. MUSICIANS Music is closely integrated into everyday activities in Africa. Vocal music, instrumental music, and dance are often inseparable, and the emphasis is on participation rather than on performance before an audience. Even in traditions where professionalism r virtuosity does result in a distinction between performer and audience, the audience often dances to show its appreciation. The role and status of a musician in Africa vary widely and are determined in part by the social and political structure of the community. In egalitarian societies that are organized into small political units and that are composed of individuals generally involved in the same activities such as hunting, herding, or farming, a musician has no special status. Still, particularly talented instrumentalists or persons who are adept at leading vocal ensembles will become known for their abilities and will be allied upon to perform at all musical occasions. In those societies in which a high degree of political organization exists, in which royal courts once flourished, and in which craft specialization has developed, the role of the musician is more clearly defined and distinct. For example, in the West African the 10th to 20th centuries, and musicianship and such related skills as oratory, historical narrative, genealogy, and stylized praise developed into a hereditary profession. * African Vocal Music African vocal music is wide ranging in its style and use of conventions but generally, African languages are tone languages. This means that the way the words are said can be related to pitches (high or low). Therefore the melodies and rhythms of a song often come directly from the way they talk, as the pitches match the meaning of the words. Another important phrase (other than tone language) is statistician which is the traditional vocal music of the Zulus in South Africa Another word that you need to learn is These are effects made by the voice that sound like eh, ah, Oh * African Musical Instrument Performing music and making African musical instruments is an integral part of most immunities and it varies not only from country to country but from village to village. Asana umbra, Congo There are common features though and much like the other forms of African art, most traditional African music is more than Just aesthetic expression. It permeates African life and has a function, a role to play in society; songs are used for religious ceremonies and rituals, to teach and give guidance, to tell stories, to mark the stages of life and death and to provide political guidance or express discontent. It also serves to entertain and is used in ceremonial festivals and masquerades to work up revere from the spectators and participants alike. Singing, dancing and playing African musical instruments ensure a dynamic event transpires. Fulfill flute The impact of the music is tantamount, the beauty of it, Just like African sculpture, is secondary to the primary function. Performances may be long and often involve the participation of the audience. Much of it is associated with a particular dance. There are some African musical instruments that cross boundaries and are found in varying shapes in the different countries but still have the same basic form. Some instruments have changed very little in 800 years since they were first recorded. Africans have strong beliefs about the status associated with particular instruments and with the spirit of an instrument. The carver of the instrument, especially true with drums, is held in high regard. Anthropomorphic harp The following are some of the African musical instruments used throughout the continent, primarily Sub-Sahara Embarrassments (Drums): cylindrical, semi-cylindrical, barrel, hourglass, pressure, goblet, kettle, clay-pot December, West Africa harps (okras), musical bows, fiddles, lyres, zithers, lutes Earphones (Wind instruments): flutes: bamboo, millet, reed, animal horn tips, gourds trumpets: wood, gourd, metal tubes pipes; single, double reed, panpipes horns: tusks and animal horns 0 Dopiness (Resonant solids): umbra, xylophone and lampooned rattles and shakers: gourds, woven, wooden, stick bells: ankle, cluster, double, single, pod, tubular, clappers 0 Percussion: rainstorms, Woodstock, slapstick bells, rattles, slit gongs, struck gourds and calypsos, stamping tubes body: foot stamping and hand clapping African musical instruments also serve as works of art, carved into surprising shapes, overfed with patterns and decorated with beads, feathers, paint or cloth. Figures are sculpted into the instrument as spiritual tokens empowering the musician to filter the godly or ancestral messages. Smartphone Security EssayIn trying to apply the framework of the above studies to my own reception analysis study, I have found that concerns such as sexism, ageism, and standard of beauty all figure in deeply with my respondents. My project consists of working womens perceptions of the way women are portrayed on the TV show Ally McBeal. All of the respondents mentioned something about the sexy, young, pretty, skinny stars of the show. According to these women, if you dont fall into all of the above categories, youre not a good person. Only people who fall into the above categories are presented on TV and film, and when people outside of the norm are presented, it is for comedy or sympathy. Hardly ever is there an old, fat woman as the heroine. There is some exception such as Cameron Manheim on The Practice, but by and large it is a models world. The standard of beauty today is a very scary thing. It is encouraging young girls to starve themselves, exercise themselves to death or t hrow-up after every meal. If you dont look like what society dictates youre headed straight for nowhere. I think sexism also figures deeply in the way women look at TV because all of the respondents pointed to the fact that women are regarded as sex objects on Ally McBeal. None of them enjoyed seeing the women portrayed this way, but they did say it seemed realistic. I think this alone tells us a lot about where our society is and the problems people face everyday. Adding this framework to the scope of my study could lead to some very interesting conclusions. In analyzing Bobo, and Innis and Feagins studies of how black people respond to their representations on television and in movies, we can see that there is a lot more ground to be covered in the areas of equality and political correctness when it comes to media. We can see, however that people are not just sitting blindly in front of the TV or movie screen accepting what they see as truth but are really thinking and analyzing the images presented to them. This shows that people can be good media consumers and can make choices about what is and is not good media. I dont think TV or movies will ever be a rainbow colored nation that represents us all but a lot more could be done to make it fairer. Hopefully one-day people will be able to get some satisfaction out of seeing representations of them on television and in film. Cinema and Television